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El Nino, La Nina and El Nino Modoki - Explained

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EL Nino : The term "El Niño" originates from Spanish, meaning "the Christ Child," and was coined by fishermen residing along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru. It is used to describe the phenomenon of warming in the central and eastern Pacific Ocean. El Nino is the name given to the occasional development of warm ocean surface waters along the coast of Equador and Peru. When this warming Occurs the usual Upwelling of cold , nutrient rich deep ocean water is significantly reduced. El Nino Normally occurs around Christmas and usually lasts for a few weeks to few months. Normal Years: In a normal year, a surface low pressure develops in the region of northern Australia and Indonesia and a high pressure system over the coast of Peru.  As a result, the trade winds over the Pacific Ocean move strongly from east to west. The easterly flow of the trade winds carries warm surface waters westward, bringing convective storms (thunderstorms) to Indonesia and coastal Australia.  Al...
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Understanding Project Tiger in Detail

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                    Project Tiger , a Centrally Sponsored Scheme under the Ministry of Environment, Forests, and Climate Change, Government of India, was launched on April 1st, 1973 , during the tenure of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. Its primary objective was to secure a viable population of Indian Tigers in their natural habitats, shielding them from the brink of extinction, and safeguarding ecologically significant areas as a natural heritage that represents diverse ecosystems across the country's tiger range.           In the early 20th century, India boasted an estimated tiger population of about 40,000. However, by the 1970s, rampant hunting and habitat destruction had caused a severe decline, leaving a mere 1,827 tigers remaining. This alarming situation captured the attention of wildlife enthusiasts, conservationists, and the government, ultimately giving rise to the crucial conservation in...
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How can ‘One Health’ help India, and India help ‘One Health’ ?

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This Post is based on the article " How can ‘One Health’ help India, and India help ‘One Health’ ? " Which is Published in the The Hindu on 24th August 2023.  Introduction : The global concept of 'One Health' is gaining popularity, and India is adopting its principles to enhance its response to health crises.  One Health is a holistic approach to problems that recognises the interconnections between the health of humans , animals, plants and their shared environment. This idea dates back to Hippocrates, who linked public health with a clean environment.  Rudolf Virchow in the 19th century emphasised the connection between animal and human medicine.  Modern veterinarians like James Steele and Calvin Schwabe further emphasised the ecological link between animal and human health. Why is One Health Special ? The One Health approach is significant due to its ability to address the complex challenges arising from factors like population growth, urbanisation, and ...
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